Deciphering Quantum Tunneling Dynamics: Insights from Sub-Barrier Interactions and Complex Time Analysis

Xiwang Liu; Xiaokai Li; Yichong Lin; Shidong Yang; Ming Zhu; Xiaohong Song; Chuncheng Wang; Jing Chen; Weifeng Yang; Dajun Ding

doi:10.34133/ultrafastscience.0122

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Deciphering Quantum Tunneling Dynamics: Insights from Sub-Barrier Interactions and Complex Time Analysis

Research Article | Updated：2026-03-12

- Deciphering Quantum Tunneling Dynamics: Insights from Sub-Barrier Interactions and Complex Time Analysis
- 超快科学（英文） 2026年6卷第1期
- Affiliations：
  
  1. School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University,Haikou,China,570228
  2. Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University,Changchun,China,130012
  3. Hefei National Laboratory, and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China,230026
  4. Center for Theoretical Physics, Hainan University,Haikou,China,570228
- Author bio：
- Funds：
  
  This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 12534010, 12374260, 12574310, 12134005, 12525411, 12574285, 12274179, 12204135, 12474282, and 12450402), the Hainan Provincial Science and Technology Talent Innovation Project (grant no. KJRC2025B13), and the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (grant nos. 123MS002, 123QN179, and 125RC626).
- DOI：10.34133/ultrafastscience.0122
  中图分类号：
- 网络首发：2026-01-07，
  
  纸质出版：2026-01-07
- Accepted：
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Xiwang Liu, Xiaokai Li, Yichong Lin, 等. Deciphering Quantum Tunneling Dynamics: Insights from Sub-Barrier Interactions and Complex Time Analysis[J]. 超快科学（英文）, 2026,6(1).

Xiwang Liu, Xiaokai Li, Yichong Lin, et al. Deciphering Quantum Tunneling Dynamics: Insights from Sub-Barrier Interactions and Complex Time Analysis[J]. Ultrafast Science, 2026, 6(1).
Xiwang Liu, Xiaokai Li, Yichong Lin, 等. Deciphering Quantum Tunneling Dynamics: Insights from Sub-Barrier Interactions and Complex Time Analysis[J]. 超快科学（英文）, 2026,6(1). DOI： 10.34133/ultrafastscience.0122.

Xiwang Liu, Xiaokai Li, Yichong Lin, et al. Deciphering Quantum Tunneling Dynamics: Insights from Sub-Barrier Interactions and Complex Time Analysis[J]. Ultrafast Science, 2026, 6(1). DOI： 10.34133/ultrafastscience.0122.

摘要

Abstract

Quantum tunneling

a quintessential quantum phenomenon

challenges classical intuitions by allowing particles to pass through seemingly insurmountable barriers. This study delves into the intricate dynamics of electron tunneling

focusing on the critical role of sub-barrier interactions and complex time processes. Through a combination of experimental measurements and simulations based on Feynman’s path integral of complex time trajectories

we reveal that the sub-barrier potential interaction introduces an asymmetric electron wave packet probability distribution along the real time axis and a marked delay at the tunneling exit. The energy-dependent behavior of this delay in electronic tunneling agrees with that observed in the previous atomic tunneling studies

suggesting a universal mechanism underlying quantum tunneling across different scales. Our findings underscore the necessity of incorporating both the wave and particle aspects of quantum entities to fully comprehend tunneling dynamics

which holds promise for an intuitive interpretation of complex-number quantum processes.

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